Macro Bending Losses in Single Mode Step Index Fiber
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, August 2016
Pages:
1-6
Received:
1 May 2016
Accepted:
9 May 2016
Published:
17 June 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.aas.20160101.11
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Abstract: Bending losses of power in a single mode step index optical fiber due to macro bending has been investigated for a wavelength of 1550nm. The effects of bending radius (4-15mm, with steps of 1mm), and wrapping turn (up to 40 turns) on loss have been studied. Twisting the optical fiber and its influence on power loss also has been investigated. Variations of macro bending loss with these two parameters have been measured, loss with number of turns and radius of curvature have been measured. This work founds that the Macro bending and wrapping turn loss increases as the bending radius and wrapping turn increases.
Abstract: Bending losses of power in a single mode step index optical fiber due to macro bending has been investigated for a wavelength of 1550nm. The effects of bending radius (4-15mm, with steps of 1mm), and wrapping turn (up to 40 turns) on loss have been studied. Twisting the optical fiber and its influence on power loss also has been investigated. Varia...
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Factors for Low Routine Immunization Performance; A Community Based Cross Sectional Study in Dessie Town, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia, 2014
Mastewal Worku Lake,
Lucy Boulanger,
Peter Wasswa,
Mulugeta Merbratu,
Ayalneh Fenta
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, August 2016
Pages:
7-17
Received:
23 May 2016
Accepted:
14 June 2016
Published:
4 July 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.aas.20160101.12
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Abstract: Immunization is one of the most cost effective public health interventions in preventing and eradicating communicable diseases. In spite of increase in global immunization coverage, many children around the world especially in developing countries still missing unvaccinated. In 2013, 21.8 million children of under one year of age did not receive DPT3 vaccine worldwide and 75% of them live just in 15countries, of which Ethiopian rank 4th. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing on low immunization among 12-23 month old children in Dessie Town, Amhara, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional community based survey was conducted. We have used Epi info Version 7 for entry and analyzed by SPSS 20 version statistical software. A total of 724 mothers of children aged between 12-23 months old were interviewed from 10 kebeles, with the response rate of 100%. The mean age of the mother and children were 29.24+ 5.2 SD (range 18 to 51) and 1.4 with SD 0.69 respectively. According to Sex wise distribution of children 241(54.7%) and 193(58.1%) of them were males children in rural and urban setting respectively. Overall 472(65.2%) children finished all recommended doses while 130(17.9%) never get vaccine. On logistic regression analysis, Attained ANC follow-up, knowledge of mother about vaccine, Education status of mother, place of delivery and family size were found predictor of full immunization. The study revealed that there is low immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in the study area of Dessie Town. Good access to health facilities or health services does not indicate uptake of immunization services. The reasons are complex and multifaceted but in general relate to the health services' insufficient understanding of and attention to their clients' needs. It is recommended that strength the local specific health service to be adequate and quality service with comprehensive strategy to optimize children immunization coverage.
Abstract: Immunization is one of the most cost effective public health interventions in preventing and eradicating communicable diseases. In spite of increase in global immunization coverage, many children around the world especially in developing countries still missing unvaccinated. In 2013, 21.8 million children of under one year of age did not receive DP...
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Utilization of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive Methods and Associated Factors Among Female College Students in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia
Kalayu Birhane,
Wintana Tsegaye,
Ayelign Mulaw,
Chala Nemomsa,
Getaw Abebe,
Gebeyaw Derese,
Kalkidan Assefa,
Wassie Negash
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, August 2016
Pages:
18-23
Received:
13 June 2016
Accepted:
24 June 2016
Published:
21 July 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.aas.20160101.13
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Abstract: Now a day, Adolescent sexual activity, unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion has become a major issue in Ethiopia. Low levels of use and high unmet need for LARC have led to high levels of unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia. Use of LARC methods are good options for youth to prevent unintended pregnancies and abortions and saves their lives but studies on determinants of LARC utilization among youth groups are limited in the study area. So, this study was aimed to assess the utilization and associated factors of LARC among female college students. An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire from 10-25 April, 2015 among 427 female college students in Debre Berhan town. Multistage sample technique was used to select the study participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyses predictors of LARC utilization. Three hundred fifty-eight (83.5%) of the students heard about LARCs. More than half (52.7%) and (43.3%) of the students had good knowledge and positive attitude respectively towards LARC. The overall utilization of LARCs was 23.4%. Source of information for contraceptives from health professionals [AOR 5.028 (95% CI 1.374, 18.353)] and knowledge about implants [AOR 3.325 (95% CI 1.028, 10.751)] were the main predictors of LARC utilization among female college students. Even though the level of knowledge and attitude of this study was satisfactory, the utilization of LARCs among college students was relatively low. Knowledge about implants and getting information from health professionals were the predictor factors of LARC. Promotion about the potential benefits of LARC methods should be made to increase the utilization among college students.
Abstract: Now a day, Adolescent sexual activity, unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion has become a major issue in Ethiopia. Low levels of use and high unmet need for LARC have led to high levels of unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia. Use of LARC methods are good options for youth to prevent unintended pregnancies and abortions and saves their lives but studie...
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