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Research Article
Genetic Variability and Cluster Analysis of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes in Debre Tabor, Northwestern Ethiopia
Solomon Sharie Shferaw*,
Wossen Tarekegne
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
37-50
Received:
1 June 2024
Accepted:
20 June 2024
Published:
15 August 2024
Abstract: Faba bean, a globally important pulse, offers genetic variation for plant breeders, although information on this variability is scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess the genetic variability of genotypes using 49 genotypes with 7 × 7 simple lattice designs. The experiment was conducted at in Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center at Debre Tabor research site in north western Ethiopia. Analysis of variance revealed that there were highly significant differences among forty-nine genotypes for all studied traits (days to flowering, days to maturity, grain filling period, number of branch, plant height, pod per plant, biomass yield, harvest index, hundred seed weight, chocolate spot and seed yield). High GCV and PCV was observed in pod per plant and chocolate spot both at genotypic and phenotypic level including number of branch at phenotypic level. Moderate to high heritability estimates were observed in all studied traits. A high genetic advance in percent of mean was observed in the number of branches per plant, the number of pods per plant, grain yield, seed weight, and chocolate spot. In conclusion, the study found that the ET 07013-1 and ET 07005-1 genotypes are potential for future breeding programs, but further experimentation across locations and seasons is needed. It is recommended to give much attention to traits with high heritability and GAM, which include the number of branches per plant, the number of pods per plant, grain yield, hundred seed weight, and chocolate spot. The best genotypes should be included in future breeding programs to maximize yield even further. It is recommended to closely monitor traits with high heritability and high GAM.
Abstract: Faba bean, a globally important pulse, offers genetic variation for plant breeders, although information on this variability is scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess the genetic variability of genotypes using 49 genotypes with 7 × 7 simple lattice designs. The experiment was conducted at in Fogera National Rice Research a...
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Review Article
Effect of Tillage, Crops Residues and Crops Management Practices on Runoff Erosion, Soil Loss and Soil Properties in Ethiopa: Review
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
51-61
Received:
8 June 2024
Accepted:
4 July 2024
Published:
30 August 2024
Abstract: The conducted investigations showed that tillage practices with crop residue and proper cropping systems protect loss of soil from runoff erosion which depletes soil nutrients and affects soil physical and chemical properties. The review was conducted with aim of reviewing the effect of tillage, crops residues and crops management practices on runoff, soil loss and soil properties in Ethiopia. The three years study conducted in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Northwestern Ethiopia showed that reduced tillage reduced soil loss over conventional tillage, row planting reduced soil loss over broadcast planting, without trampling reduced soil loss over with trampling planting, and the sediment concentration was ranged from 0.01 to 5.37g/L and total soil loss was 0.20 to 0.50t/ha. The study conducted in the humid highlands of Ethiopia showed that the lower average soil loss was 16 t/ha.yr under zero tillage with crop residue and maximum was 30 t/ha.yr in conventional tillage without crop residue. The investigation indicated that zero tillage with maize soya bean intercrop, maize rotation, continuous maize and continuous soya bean improved soil properties than conventional tillage system. The investigation which was carried out to evaluate the effects of tillage and cropping system on soil properties showed that enrichment ratio ≤1 under no tillage with intercropping and no tillage with mulch reduce nutrient losses and enrichment ratio. The study conducted at Derashe and Arba Minch Zuriya in Ethiopia showed that some selected properties were statistically significant (P<0.05) and conservation tillage is favored for soil management relative to conventional tillage. Therefore, tillage practices like zero tillage and minimum tillage with crop residue management like mulching and crop management such as intercropping and crop rotation reduce surface runoff erosion, soil loss and soil fertility depletion, but additional continual research is needed to reveal trends in tillage, crops residues and crops management.
Abstract: The conducted investigations showed that tillage practices with crop residue and proper cropping systems protect loss of soil from runoff erosion which depletes soil nutrients and affects soil physical and chemical properties. The review was conducted with aim of reviewing the effect of tillage, crops residues and crops management practices on runo...
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Research Article
Optimization of Groundnut Crop Management Practicesin Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia
Tadeos Shiferaw*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
62-70
Received:
20 July 2024
Accepted:
12 August 2024
Published:
20 September 2024
Abstract: To study the response of groundnut to different crop management practice six different crop management practices tested in three districts namely Godey, Gursum and Erer of Eastern Ethiopia. Treatments wereT1 (Spacing 60 x 30 cm, P @ 80 kg/ha and twice weeding @ 15th and 30th DAE), T2 (75 x 20 cm, P@ 60 kg/ha three times mechanical weeding), T3 (Spacing 45 x 15 cm, 50 and 85 kg/ha twice weeding, T4(Spacing at 75 x 30 cm, N and P applied @ the rate of 46 and 90 kg/ha respectively and hand weeding once @ 25th DAE), T5 (Spacing 30 × 10 cm, FYM @ 12 ton/ha, N and P applied @ the rate of 25 and 46 kg/ha respectively and mechanical weeding @ 28 DAE). T6(Spacing 30x 15cm, N and P applied at the rate of 80 and 130 kg/ha respectively, twice weeding and earthling up). Then the treatments were arranged in RCBD. Analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences between each treatment across the locations on growth and seed yield of groundnut at (p<0.05). Maximum seed yield was obtained from T6 followed by T5 and T3. Wider spacing and minimum use of P without N fertilizer at (T1 and T2) resulted in significantly low seed yield. T5 resulted in robust plant growth however; it resulted in reduced yield and yield components compared toT6. Groundnut seed yield was remarkably influenced by proper combinations of crop management components as specified in T6. Therefore, T6 can be recommended as an integrated crop management practice for groundnut to current study areas and other similar lowland districts of eastern Ethiopia.
Abstract: To study the response of groundnut to different crop management practice six different crop management practices tested in three districts namely Godey, Gursum and Erer of Eastern Ethiopia. Treatments wereT1 (Spacing 60 x 30 cm, P @ 80 kg/ha and twice weeding @ 15th and 30th DAE), T2 (75 x 20 cm, P@ 60 kg/ha three times mechanical weeding), T3 (Spa...
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Research Article
Variation in Seedling Quality Attributes of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) After Harvested Under Different Sowing Dates
Melkam Anteneh*,
Asnake Fikre,
Tileye Feyissa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
71-79
Received:
5 August 2024
Accepted:
3 September 2024
Published:
30 September 2024
Abstract: Planting dates are the most important components for Lentil seedling growth and development. Seeds planted in diverse environmental situations lead to changes in various seedling development and the final output of the yield. The present study, aimed to assess the effect of different planting (sowing) dates harvested seeds on the physiological properties of nineteen (19) lentil genotypes. Lentil was growing during two consecutive planting days on average the normal (main) 17/08/2021 and lately 16/09/2021, then harvested seed extract after five months of storage, planted CRD with two factorial designs and three replications under laboratory condition within a white plastic container filled with autoclaved 3.0kg sand applying 100ml distilled water. The lentil was grown per standard, and the lentil's postharvest physiological quality parameters were evaluated. Results indicated that the lowest speed of germination index was obtained during late planting time or stress situations on the genotype Adda (8.78) and ILL-1760 (8.94). Seedling length is the seedling vigor criterion and is statistically significantly different between planting dates at 1%. The effect of planting day on seedling fresh weight was significantly different (p < 0.01) on genotype Beredu (0.0022) on the main planting day. The seed viability on vigor index (II) as shown in was affected by planting date (p < 0.01) and genotypes (p < 0.01). The heritability value of shoot length, root length, and seedling fresh weight equal zero was the variation due to environmental it had no genetic effect after five months of storage both main and late planting. The seedling vigor index, fresh and dry weight traits maximum on the main planting day on the genotype Beredu indicates 0.0445, 0.00218, and 0.00045 respectively. Seeds from the main planting day had the best seedling traits performance and recorded minimal germination time compared to late planting seeds. Lentil seeds planted lately finally recorded lower seedling fresh and dry weight, vigor, and speed of germination index as compared to those harvested lentil seeds in main planting dates. As a result, when there is adequate rainfall necessary for lentil growth, development, and final output.
Abstract: Planting dates are the most important components for Lentil seedling growth and development. Seeds planted in diverse environmental situations lead to changes in various seedling development and the final output of the yield. The present study, aimed to assess the effect of different planting (sowing) dates harvested seeds on the physiological prop...
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